Research

Working Papers

Who's on First? Commitment and Observability with Move-order Uncertainty
Last Updated: November 2023

Entry and Welfare in General Equilibrium with Heterogeneous Firms and Endogenous Markups
(with Seung Hoon Lee)
Last Updated: August 2024
Online Appendix
2020 Draft, 2021 Draft

Delegation Theory and the Delegation of Tariff-Negotiation Authority
(with Manuel Amador)
Last Updated: September 2019

Trade Policy under Monopolistic Competition with Heterogeneous Firms and Quasi-linear CES Preferences
(with Seung Hoon Lee)
Last Updated: September 2018

Commitment with Private Resolve
Last Updated: January 2018
Supplementary Appendix

Publications

Monopolistic Competition and Efficiency under Firm Heterogeneity and Non-Additive Preferences
(with Seung Hoon Lee)
American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, November 2023, Vol. 15, No. 4, 208-267.
Online Appendix

Regulating a Monopolist with Uncertain Costs without Transfers
(with Manuel Amador)
Theoretical Economics, 17, 2022, 1719-1760.
2014 draft, 2016 draft, 2019 draft, 2021 (Jan) draft

Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Party Tariff Negotiations
(with Robert Staiger and Ali Yurukoglu)
Econometrica, Vol. 89, No. 4, July 2021, 1595-1631
journal link

Trade Policy under Monopolistic Competition with Firm Selection
(with Seung Hoon Lee)
Journal of International Economics, Vol. 127, November 2020, 103379.
Online Appendix
slides     
2015 draft, 2018 draft, 2020 draft

Multilateral Trade Bargaining: A First Look at the GATT Bargaining Records
(with Robert Staiger and Ali Yurukoglu)
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 12, No. 3, July 2020, 72-105.
Online Appendix
Data Appendix

Money Burning in the Theory of Delegation
(with Manuel Amador)
Games and Economic Behavior, Vol. 121, May 2020, 382-412

"Nash-in-Nash" Tariff Bargaining
(with Robert Staiger and Ali Yurukoglu)
Journal of International Economics, Vol. 122, January 2020, 103263.
Online Appendix

Multilateral Trade Bargaining and Dominant Strategies
(with Robert Staiger)
International Economic Review, Vol. 59, No. 4, November 2018, 1785-1824.

National Sovereignty in an Interdependent World
(with Robert Staiger)
Last Updated: September 2018
in Lili Yan Ing and Miaojie Yu (eds.), World Trade Evolution: Growth, Productivity and Employment,Routledge, 2018, 12-59.

A Note on Interval Delegation
(with Manuel Amador and Alex Frankel)
Economic Theory Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2018, 239-49.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40505-017-0133-4

The Design of Trade Agreements
(with Robert Staiger)
Chapter 8 in Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (eds.), Handbook of Commercial Policy, Vol. 1A, Elsevier, 2016, 435-529.
Online Appendix

Is the WTO Passé?
(with Chad Brown and Robert Staiger)
Journal of Economic Literature, 54(4), 2016, 1125-1231.

Delocation and Trade Agreements in Imperfectly Competitive Markets
(with Robert Staiger)
Research in Economics, Vol. 69, No. 2, June 2015, 132-56.

Can the Doha Round be a Development Round? Setting a Place at the Table
(with Robert Staiger)
in Robert C. Feenstra and Alan M. Taylor (eds.), Globalization in an Age of Crisis: Multilateral Economic Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century, NBER, University of Chicago Press, 2014, 91-124.

Border Instruments
(with Robert W. Staiger and Alan O. Sykes)
in Henrik Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (eds.), Legal and Economic Principles of World Trade Law, American Law Institute, Cambridge University Press, 2013, Chapter 3, 68-204.

The Theory of Optimal Delegation with an Application to Tariff Caps
(with Manuel Amador)
Econometrica, Vol. 81, No. 4, July 2013, 1541-99.
Online Appendix     Journal link

        An earlier version of this paper was circulated as "On the Optimality of Tariff Caps." 
       Online Appendix

Trust, Reciprocity and Favors in Cooperative Relationships
(with Atila Abdulkadiroglu)
American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, Vol. 5, No.2, May 2013, 213-59.

Profit Shifting and Trade Agreements in Imperfectly Competitive Markets
(with Robert Staiger)
International Economic Review, Vol. 53, No. 4, November 2012, 1067-1104.

The Economics of Trade Agreements in the Linear Delocation Model
(with Robert Staiger)
Journal of International Economics, Vol. 88, Issue 1, September 2012, 32-46

Tariff Revenue and Tariff Caps
(with Manuel Amador)
American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, Vol. 102, No. 3, May, 2012, 459-65.

What Do Trade Negotiators Negotiate About? Empirical Evidence from the World Trade Organization
(with Robert Staiger)
The American Economic Review, Vol. 101, No. 4, June 2011, 1238-73.

The World Trade Organization: Theory and Practice
(with Robert Staiger)
Annual Review of Economics, Vol. 2, September 2010, 223-56.

Backward Stealing and Forward Manipulation in the WTO
(with Robert Staiger)
Journal of International Economics, Vol. 82, Issue 1, September 2010, 49-62.

Advertising Competition in Retail Markets
(with Gea M. Lee)
The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, Vol. 10, Issue 1 (Advances), Article 70, 2010.

Advertising Collusion in Retail Markets
(with Gea M. Lee)
The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, Vol. 10, Issue 1 (Advances), Article 71, 2010.

Collusion with Persistent Cost Shocks
(with Susan Athey)
Econometrica, Vol. 76., No. 3, May 2008, 493-540.
Supplementary materials
journal link

Remedies in the WTO: An Economic Perspective
in Merit E. Janow, Victoria J. Donaldson and Alan Yanovich (eds.), The WTO: Governance, Dispute Settlement & Developing Countries, Juris Publishing, Huntington, New York, Chapter 40, 733-770, 2008.

The Economic Analysis of Advertising
in Mark Armstrong and Rob Porter (eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, Vol. 3, North-Holland: Amsterdam, 2007, 1701-1844.

Auctioning Countermeasures in the WTO
(with Petros Mavroidis and Robert Staiger)
Journal of International Economics, Vol. 73, Issue 2, November 2007, 309-332.

        The Case for Auctioning Countermeasures in the WTO       
        (with Petros Mavroidis and Robert Staiger)
        July 2006 (working paper version)

Signalling and Entry Deterrence: A Multi-dimensional Analysis
Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 38, No. 3, Autumn 2007, 670-97.

Will International Rules on Subsidies Disrupt the World Trading System?
(with Robert Staiger)
The American Economic Review, Vol. 96, No. 3, June 2006, 877-95.

The Case for Tradable Remedies in WTO Dispute Settlement
(with Petros C. Mavroidis and Robert W. Staiger)
in Simon J. Evenett and Bernard M. Hoekman (eds.), Economic Development and Multilateral Trade Cooperation, Palgrave Macmillan and the World Bank, Washington D.C., 2006.

United States – Section 129(c)(1) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act
(with Petros C. Mavroidis)
World Trade Review, Volume 4, Issue S1, January 2005, 12-35; and in Henrick Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (eds.), The WTO Case Law of 2002: The American Law Institute Reporters' Studies, Cambridge University Press, 133-57, 2005.

Chile - Price Band System and Safeguard Measures Relating to Certain Agricultural Products
(with Alan O. Sykes)
World Trade Review, Volume 3, Issue 3, November 2004, 507-28; and Henrick Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (eds.), The WTO Case Law of 2002: The American Law Institute Reporters' Studies, Cambridge University Press, 133-57, 2005.

India - Measures Affecting the Automotive Sector
(with Alan O. Sykes)
World Trade Review, Volume 4, Issue S1, 2005, 158-78; and in Henrik Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (eds.), The WTO Case Law of 2002: The American Law Institute Reporters' Studies, Cambridge University Press, 158-178, 2005.

Enforcement, Private Political Pressure and the GATT/WTO Escape Clause
(with Robert Staiger)
The Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 34, No. 2, June 2005, 471-513.

Multilateral Trade Negotiations, Bilateral Opprtunism and the Rules of GATT/WTO
(with Robert Staiger)
Journal of International Economics, Vol. 67, Issue 2, 2005, 268-94.

Countercyclical Pricing in Customer Markets
Economica, Vol. 71, 2004, 519-42.

Collusion and Price Rigidity
(with Susan Athey and Chris Sanchirico)
The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 71 No. 2, 2004, 317-349.

Protection and the Business Cycle
(with Robert Staiger)
Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, Vol. 3, No. 1, Article 3, 2003, 1-43.

Economic Theory and the Interpretation of GATT/WTO
(with Robert Staiger)
The American Economist, Vol. 46, No. 2, September, 2002, 3-19; and in Michael Szenberg and Lall Ramrattan (eds.), New Frontiers in Economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 205-34.

Informational Aspects of Foreign Direct Investment
(with Robert Staiger)
Japan and the World Economy, Vol. 15, No. 1, January 2002, 1-20.

It's a Question of Market Access
(with Petros C. Mavroidis and Robert Staiger)
American Journal of International Law, Vol. 96, No. 1, January 2002, 56-76.

Game Theory and Industrial Organization
(with Asher Wolinsky)
in R.J. Aumann and S. Hart (eds.), Handbook of Game Theory, Vol. 3, North-Holland: Amsterdam, 2002, 1851-1895.

Optimal Collusion with Private Information
(with Susan Athey)
The Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 32 No. 3, Autumn 2001, 428-465.

Strategic Trade, Competitive Industries and Agricultural Trade Disputes
(with Robert Staiger)
Economics and Politics, Vol. 13, No. 2, July 2001, 113-128.

The WTO as a Mechanism for Securing Market Access Property Rights: Implications for Global Labor and Environmental Issues
(with Robert Staiger)
The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 15, No. 3, Summer 2001, 69-88.

Domestic Policies, National Sovereignty and International Economic Institutions
(with Robert Staiger)
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 116, No. 2, May 2001, 519-62.

Reciprocity, Non-discrimination and Preferential Agreements in the Multilateral Trading System
(with Robert Staiger)
European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2001, 281-325.

The Simple Economics of Labor Standards and the GATT
(with Robert Staiger)
in Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern (eds.), Social Dimensions of U.S. Trade Policy, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, Studies in International Economics, 2000, 195-231.

Regionalism and Multilateral Tariff Cooperation
(with Robert Staiger)
in John Piggott and Alan Woodland (eds.), International Trade Policy and the Pacific Rim, Macmillan (London, England), 1999, 157-185.

Preferential Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System
(with Robert Staiger)
in Richard Baldwin, Daniel Cohen, Andre Sapir and Anthony Venables (eds.), Market Integration, Regionalism and the Global Economy, CEPR (London, England), 1999, 53-79.

An Economic Theory of GATT
(with Robert Staiger)
The American Economic Review, Vol. 89, March 1999, 215-248.

Will Preferential Agreements Undermine the Multilateral Trading System?
(with Robert Staiger)
Economic Journal, July 1998, Vol. 108, 1162-1182.

Dynamic Retail Price and Investment Competition
(with Garey Ramey and Dan Spulber)
The Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 28 No. 2, Summer 1997, 207-227.

Multilateral Tariff Cooperation During the Formation of Free Trade Areas
(with Robert Staiger)
International Economic Review, Vol. 38, Vol. 38, No. 2, May 1997, 291-319.

Collusion over the Business Cycle
(with Robert Staiger)
The Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 28 No. 1, Spring 1997, 82-106.

Multilateral Tariff Cooperation During the Formation of Customs Unions
(with Robert Staiger)
Journal of International Economics , Vol. 42, 1997, 91-123.

Strategic Export Subsidies and Reciprocal Trade Agreements: The Natural Monopoly Case
(with Robert Staiger)
Japan and the World Economy, Vol. 9, 1997, 491-510.

Capacity, Entry and Forward Induction
(with Garey Ramey)
The Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 27 No. 4, Winter 1996, 660-680.

Commitment and Observability in Games
Games and Economic Behavior, Vol. 8, 1995, 271-80.

Coordination Economies, Advertising and Search Behavior in Retail Markets
(with Garey Ramey)
The American Economic Review, Vol. 84, June 1994, 498-517.

The Sensitivity of Strategic and Corrective R&D Policies in Oligopolistic Industries
(with Robert Staiger)
Journal of International Economics, Vol. 36, 1994, 133-150.

Advertising and Coordination
(with Garey Ramey)
The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 61, January 1994, 153-171.

Advertising as Information: Matching Products to Buyers
(with Garey Ramey)
The Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, Vol. 2, Summer 1993, 199-243.

The Sensitivity of Strategic and Corrective R&D Policies in Battles for Monopoly
(with Robert Staiger)
International Economic Review, Vol. 33, November 1992, 795-816.

Pricing to Signal Product Line Quality
The Journal of Economics and Management Strategy , Vol. 1, Spring 1992, 151-174.

A Model of Competitive Limit Pricing
The Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, Vol. 1, Winter 1992, 585-606.

Optimal Export Policy for a New-Product Monopoly
The American Economic Review, Vol. 81, December 1991, 1156-1169.

Oligopoly Limit Pricing
(with Garey Ramey)
The Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 22, Summer 1991, 155-172.

High and Declining Prices Signal Product Quality
(with Michael Riordan)
The American Economic Review, Vol. 81, March 1991, 224-239.

Theory of Managed Trade
(with Robert Staiger)
The American Economic Review, Vol. 80, September 1990, 779-795.

Advertising and Pricing to Deter or Accommodate Entry When Demand Is Unknown
(with Garey Ramey)
The International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 8.1, April 1990, 93-113.

Informational Product Differentiation as a Barrier to Entry
The International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 8.2, 1990, 207-223.

The Role for Export Subsidies When Product Quality Is Unknown
(with Robert Staiger)
Journal of International Economics, Vol. 27, August 1989, 69-89.

Is Everything Neutral?
(with B. Douglas Bernheim)
The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 96, April 1988, 308-338.

Advertising and Limit Pricing
(with Gary Ramey)
Rand Journal of Economics, Vol. 19, Spring 1988, 59-71.

Introductory Price as a Signal of Cost in a Model of Repeat Business
The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 54, July 1987, 365-384.

Old Working Papers

Number of Firms and Price Competition
(with Gea Lee)
Last Updated: February 2014

The Optimal Chips Mechanism in a Model of Favors
(with Atila Abdulkadiroglu)
Last Updated: April 2012

Self-Enforcing Trade Agreements and Private Information
Last Updated: February 2009

Look How Little I'm Advertising!
(with Per Baltzer Overgaard)
Last Updated: September 2005